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FederalSigned into law119th Congress

H.R. 1 One Big Beautiful Bill Act

Latest: Jul 4, 2025 · Became Public Law No: 119-21.

Education and school choiceSecond AmendmentTaxes and spendingImmigrationHealth care

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What it means

Our plain-English summary and constitutional analysis for this bill is not published yet. Every analysis is reviewed by an editor before it appears here.

How they voted

House: On Motion to Concur in the Senate Amendment

218 yes · 214 no

Jul 3, 2025 · Result: Passed

PartyYesNo
Democrat–212
Independent1–
Republican2172
How each member voted (432)

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Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.

51 yes · 50 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: Passed

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

House: On Passage

215 yes · 214 no · 3 other

May 22, 2025 · Result: Passed

PartyYesNoPresentNot voting
Democrat–212––
Independent1–––
Republican214212
How each member voted (432)

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Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

20 committee, procedural and amendment votes

Senate: Motion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 357.

47 yes · 53 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Schiff to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 351.

47 yes · 53 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Padilla to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 353.

47 yes · 53 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Duckworth to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 350.

49 yes · 51 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Hassan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 349.

48 yes · 52 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Gallego to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 348.

47 yes · 53 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Warnock to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 51. Record Vote Number: 359.

48 yes · 51 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Bennet to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 354.

47 yes · 53 no

Jul 1, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Blumenthal to commit to Senate Committee on Armed Services with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 347.

47 yes · 53 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Kaine to commit to Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 346.

47 yes · 53 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Blunt Rochester to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 340.

48 yes · 52 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Reed to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 338.

48 yes · 52 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Lujan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 337.

49 yes · 51 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Coons to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 336.

48 yes · 52 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 335.

47 yes · 53 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion to waive section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act with respect to the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 48. Record Vote Number: 334.

51 yes · 48 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: agreed to

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Markey to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 333.

49 yes · 51 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion by Senator Schumer to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 332.

47 yes · 53 no

Jun 30, 2025 · Result: rejected

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Senate: Motion to proceed to consideration of measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 49. Record Vote Number: 329.

51 yes · 49 no

Jun 28, 2025 · Result: agreed to

Member-by-member votes are not loaded for this roll call yet. The tally above is from the official record.

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

House: On Motion to Recommit

212 yes · 216 no · 4 other

May 22, 2025 · Result: Failed

PartyYesNoNot voting
Democrat212––
Independent–1–
Republican–2154
How each member voted (432)

Open the member list

Party shown is each member's current party in our records. Official vote record

Where it stands

  1. May 22, 2025

    Passed House

    Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)

  2. Jul 1, 2025

    Passed Senate

    Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.

  3. Jul 3, 2025

    Passed House

    Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190).

  4. Jul 4, 2025

    Became law

    Became Public Law No: 119-21.

Full official history (55 actions)
  • May 20, 2025HouseThe House Committee on the Budget reported an original measure, H. Rept. 119-106, by Mr. Arrington.
  • May 20, 2025HousePlaced on the Union Calendar, Calendar No. 78.
  • May 21, 2025HouseRules Committee Resolution H. Res. 436 Reported to House. Rule provides for consideration of H.R. 1. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1 under a closed rule with two hours of general debate and one motion to recommit.
  • May 22, 2025HouseOn passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)
  • May 22, 2025HouseRule H. Res. 436 passed House.
  • May 22, 2025HouseThe previous question on the motion to recommit was ordered pursuant to clause 2(b) of rule XIX.
  • May 22, 2025HouseRule provides for consideration of H.R. 1. The resolution provides for consideration of H.R. 1 under a closed rule with two hours of general debate and one motion to recommit.
  • May 22, 2025HouseConsidered under the provisions of rule H. Res. 436. (consideration: CR H2235-2357)
  • May 22, 2025HouseMotion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  • May 22, 2025HouseThe previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  • May 22, 2025HouseMrs. Trahan moved to recommit to the Committee on the Budget. (CR H2356)
  • May 22, 2025HouseDEBATE - The House proceeded with two hours of debate on H.R. 1.
  • May 22, 2025HouseOn motion to recommit Failed by the Yeas and Nays: 212 - 216 (Roll no. 144).
  • May 22, 2025Passed/agreed to in House: On passage Passed by the Yeas and Nays: 215 - 214, 1 Present (Roll no. 145). (text: CR H2235-2334)
  • Jun 27, 2025SenateReceived in the Senate. Read the first time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under Read the First Time.
  • Jun 28, 2025SenateRead the second time. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 107.
  • Jun 28, 2025SenateMotion to proceed to consideration of measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 49. Record Vote Number: 329.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Blumenthal to commit to Senate Committee on Armed Services with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 347.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Murphy to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Coons to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 336.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Schiff to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 351.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Duckworth to commit to Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 350.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Hassan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 349.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 335.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator King to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenatePoint of order that the measure violates section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act raised in Senate.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Blunt Rochester to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 340.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion to waive section 425(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget Act with respect to the measure agreed to in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 48. Record Vote Number: 334.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateConsidered by Senate.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Gallego to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 348.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Kaine to commit to Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 346.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Reed to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 52. Record Vote Number: 338.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Kelly to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Markey to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 333.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Alsobrooks to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Voice Vote.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Schumer to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 332.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Padilla to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 353.
  • Jun 30, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Lujan to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 49 - 51. Record Vote Number: 337.
  • Jul 1, 2025SenateMessage on Senate action sent to the House.
  • Jul 1, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Wyden to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 357.
  • Jul 1, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Warnock to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 48 - 51. Record Vote Number: 359.
  • Jul 1, 2025SenatePassed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.
  • Jul 1, 2025SenateMotion by Senator Bennet to commit to Senate Committee on Finance with instructions rejected in Senate by Yea-Nay Vote. 47 - 53. Record Vote Number: 354.
  • Jul 1, 2025Passed/agreed to in Senate: Passed Senate with an amendment by Yea-Nay Vote. 51 - 50. Record Vote Number: 372.
  • Jul 3, 2025HouseMotion to reconsider laid on the table Agreed to without objection.
  • Jul 3, 2025HousePursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, Mr. Arrington called up the Senate amendment to H.R. 1.
  • Jul 3, 2025Resolving differences -- House actions: On motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190).
  • Jul 3, 2025HouseOn motion that the House agree to the Senate amendment Agreed to by recorded vote: 218 - 214 (Roll no. 190). (text: CR H3059-3143)
  • Jul 3, 2025HouseMr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate amendment. (consideration: CR H3059-3187)
  • Jul 3, 2025HousePresented to President.
  • Jul 3, 2025HouseDEBATE - Pursuant to the provisions of H. Res. 566, the House proceeded with one hour of debate on the motion to agree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1.
  • Jul 3, 2025HouseMr. Arrington moved that the House agree to the Senate amendment to H.R. 1. (CR H3143)
  • Jul 3, 2025HouseThe previous question was ordered pursuant to the rule.
  • Jul 4, 2025Signed by President.
  • Jul 4, 2025Became Public Law No: 119-21.

Supporters and opponents

No documented positions yet. Every position we list links to its public source.

Official summary

Read the official summary (congress.gov)

This summary is long (103,750 characters). Below is its opening, exactly as published.

Official title: An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14. CRS summary (Passed Senate, 2025-07-01): This bill reduces taxes, reduces or increases spending for various federal programs, increases the statutory debt limit, and otherwise addresses agencies and programs throughout the federal government. It is known as a reconciliation bill and includes legislation submitted by several congressional committees pursuant to provisions in the FY2025 congressional budget resolution (H Con. Res. 14) that directed the committees to submit legislation to the House or Senate Budget Committee that will increase or decrease the deficit and increase the statutory debt limit by specified amounts. (Reconciliation bills are considered by Congress using expedited legislative procedures that prevent a filibuster and restrict amendments in the Senate.) TITLE I--COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE, NUTRITION, AND FORESTRY This title addresses a wide range of Department of Agriculture (USDA) programs, including by changing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and extending programs authorized by the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2018 (commonly known as the 2018 farm bill). Subtitle A--Nutrition (Sec. 10101) This section prohibits USDA from increasing the cost of the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) based on a reevaluation of the contents of the TFP (i.e., the market basket of goods). Further, any annual adjustment to the cost of the plan must be based on the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers. As background, USDA created the TFP (the cost of purchasing a nutritionally adequate low-cost diet), which is used to determine maximum monthly benefits under the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). USDA calculates the cost of the TFP each year to account for food price inflation. Maximum allotments are set at the monthly cost of the TFP for a four-person family, adjusted for family size. Under a provision of the 2018 farm bill, USDA must reevaluate the market basket of goods every five years based on current food prices, food composition data, consumption patterns, and dietary guidance. (Sec. 10102) This section expands the applicability of work requirements for SNAP recipients who are able-bodied adults without dependents (ABAWDs). As background, these SNAP recipients have work-related requirements in addition to the general SNAP work registration and employment and training requirements. …

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